It is the observation that, over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on integrated circuits(ICs) doubles approximately every two years.
We have Moore's law all around us.
The gadgets that we use today are much cheaper and faster.
TECHNOLOGY BEYOND MOORE’S LAW AND IT’S EXISTENCE OF THE MODERN ERA
Mr.Gordon E moore
1.Gordon Earle Moore born
January 3, 1929.
2.Co-founder Of the reputed INTEL
corporation who is basically a
American businessman and Engineer.
3. He published this article on19th April
1965 in the electronic magzine
TECHNOLOGY BEYOND MOORE’S LAW AND IT’S EXISTENCE OF THE MODERN ERA
Over 50 Years of Moore's Law
Like a metronome of the modern world, for over 50 years Gordon’s prediction has set the pace for innovation and development.
This foresight laid a fertile foundation from which all modern technology could spring, including the broad rise of digitization and personal electronics.
This vision of an endlessly empowered and interconnected future brings clear challenges and benefits.
Is Moore's Law Still Holding
Is Moore's Law Still Holding
1. Moore’s Law is not a natural law, it is an observation did by Gorden Moore.
2. The law has been remarkably accurate from 1965 to 2013 with transistors density doubling roughly every two years.
3.Since 2013,the trend has changes slightly, with transistor density now doubling every three year, instead of every two year
More Moore :
SCOPE AND MISSION:
System scaling enabled by Moore’s scaling is more and more challenged with the scarcity of resources such as power and interconnect bandwidth. Particularly due to the emergence of cloud, seamless interaction of big-data and instant data have become a necessity.
Instant data generation require ultra-low-power device with “always-on” feature at the same time with high-performance device that can generate the data instantly.
Big data require abundant computing and memory resources to generate the service and information that clients need.
More Moore :
SCOPE AND MISSION:
System scaling enabled by Moore’s scaling is more and more challenged with the scarcity of resources such as power and interconnect bandwidth. Particularly due to the emergence of cloud, seamless interaction of big-data and instant data have become a necessity.
Instant data generation require ultra-low-power device with “always-on” feature at the same time with high-performance device that can generate the data instantly.
Big data require abundant computing and memory resources to generate the service and information that clients need.
More Moore :
SCOPE AND MISSION:
System scaling enabled by Moore’s scaling is more and more challenged with the scarcity of resources such as power and interconnect bandwidth. Particularly due to the emergence of cloud, seamless interaction of big-data and instant data have become a necessity.
Instant data generation require ultra-low-power device with “always-on” feature at the same time with high-performance device that can generate the data instantly.
Big data require abundant computing and memory resources to generate the service and information that clients need.
Applications drive requirements of More Moore technologies
-High-performance computing – targeting more performance (operating frequency)at constant power density(constrained by thermal).
-Mobile computing – targeting more performance(operating frequency) and functionality at constant energy (constrained by battery) and cost.
-Autonomous sensing & computing (Internet-of-Things: IoT) – targeting reduced leakage & variability.
Discuss Challenges, Roadblocks and Potential solutions
1.Logic technologies
It is high-performance logic and low-power logic which is typically for mobile applications are included and detailed technology requirements and potential solutions are considered for both types separately.
2.Memory technologies
-DRAM
The main goal is to continue to scale the f oot-print of the 1T-1C cell, to the practical limit of 4F 2. The issues are vertical transistor structures, high-dielectrics to improve the capacitance density, and meanwhile keeping the leakage low.
-Non-volatile memories: NVM
The current mainstream NVM is Flash memory. NAND and NOR flash memories are used for quite different applications – data storage for NAND and code storage for NOR flash. There are serious issues with scaling for both NOR and NAND flash memories.
3.Interconnect technologies
It is to address the wiring system that dist rebuts clock and other signals to the various functional blocks of a CMOS integrated circuit, along with providing necessary power and ground connection.
It also assesses reliability and performance includes specifications for electro migration and calculations of delay.
Continued dimensional and functional scaling of CMOS is driving information processing technology into a broadening spectrum of new applications.
Dimensional scaling of CMOS eventually will approach fundamental limits, several new alternative information processing devices and micro architectures for existing.
Functions are being explored to extend the historical integrated circuit scaling cadence and sustain performance gain beyond CMOS scaling.
MORE THAN MOORE:
The possibility to extend the functionality of CMOS circuits by integration with other technologies has been referred to as more than Moore.
Extraordinary market success in the last few years is provided by CMOS imagers which can be found in any cell phone camera.
There Si photo-detectors or phototransistors constitute the optical sensors, which are monolithically integrated on a CMOS chip.
Another multifunctional combination within Si technology is provided by the integration of micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) devices with CMOS.
BEYOND MOORE:
Terminology and Context-
There is an international effort underway to identify an alternative to the CMOS transistor, which within one-to-two decades will no longer submit to feature size and voltage scaling.
Lsw: the smallest device (switch) feature, e.g., gate length inCMOS;
Tsw: device switching time, i.e., time required tochange state;
Esw: The energy required to change the device state (switching energy)
Ncar: The number of information carriers required to transmit state to downstream devices;
M: The device count, a measure of system complexity;
β: Binary information throughput, a measure of technological capability;
Mu: Instructions per second, a measure of information processor capability
IBM Unveils World's First 2 Nanometer Chip Technology
06 May 2021,
IBM announced that it had completed the development of 2 nm chipset.
It is projected to achieve 45 percent higher performance, or 75 percent lower energy use, than today's most advanced 7 nm node chips.
2nm foundry technology to go into production is late 2024, said Mukesh Khare, vice president at IBM Research
USES:
1.In Computing: As transistors in integrated circuits become more effecients,computer become smaller and faster.
2.In Electronic: Practically every facet of high tech society benifts form moores law such as smartphone and computer tablet would not work without tiny processor.
3.In All Sector: Moreover smaller and faster computers inprove transportation ,helthcare, Education and energy production.
4.Current technology become cheap.
CONCLUSION:
The progress of Moore's law has made significant contribution to economic and human advancement.
There has been a rapid growth in technology progress because of the predictable business model based on the continued progress of Moore's law.
Answers ( 1 )
Introduction
What is Moore's law?
TECHNOLOGY BEYOND MOORE’S LAW AND IT’S EXISTENCE OF THE MODERN ERA
Mr.Gordon E moore
1.Gordon Earle Moore born
January 3, 1929.
2.Co-founder Of the reputed INTEL
corporation who is basically a
American businessman and Engineer.
3. He published this article on19th April
1965 in the electronic magzine
TECHNOLOGY BEYOND MOORE’S LAW AND IT’S EXISTENCE OF THE MODERN ERA
Over 50 Years of Moore's Law
Like a metronome of the modern world, for over 50 years Gordon’s prediction has set the pace for innovation and development.
This foresight laid a fertile foundation from which all modern technology could spring, including the broad rise of digitization and personal electronics.
This vision of an endlessly empowered and interconnected future brings clear challenges and benefits.
Is Moore's Law Still Holding
Is Moore's Law Still Holding
1. Moore’s Law is not a natural law, it is an observation did by Gorden Moore.
2. The law has been remarkably accurate from 1965 to 2013 with transistors density doubling roughly every two years.
3.Since 2013,the trend has changes slightly, with transistor density now doubling every three year, instead of every two year
More Moore :
SCOPE AND MISSION:
System scaling enabled by Moore’s scaling is more and more challenged with the scarcity of resources such as power and interconnect bandwidth. Particularly due to the emergence of cloud, seamless interaction of big-data and instant data have become a necessity.
Instant data generation require ultra-low-power device with “always-on” feature at the same time with high-performance device that can generate the data instantly.
Big data require abundant computing and memory resources to generate the service and information that clients need.
More Moore :
SCOPE AND MISSION:
System scaling enabled by Moore’s scaling is more and more challenged with the scarcity of resources such as power and interconnect bandwidth. Particularly due to the emergence of cloud, seamless interaction of big-data and instant data have become a necessity.
Instant data generation require ultra-low-power device with “always-on” feature at the same time with high-performance device that can generate the data instantly.
Big data require abundant computing and memory resources to generate the service and information that clients need.
More Moore :
SCOPE AND MISSION:
System scaling enabled by Moore’s scaling is more and more challenged with the scarcity of resources such as power and interconnect bandwidth. Particularly due to the emergence of cloud, seamless interaction of big-data and instant data have become a necessity.
Instant data generation require ultra-low-power device with “always-on” feature at the same time with high-performance device that can generate the data instantly.
Big data require abundant computing and memory resources to generate the service and information that clients need.
Applications drive requirements of More Moore technologies
-High-performance computing – targeting more performance (operating frequency)at constant power density(constrained by thermal).
-Mobile computing – targeting more performance(operating frequency) and functionality at constant energy (constrained by battery) and cost.
-Autonomous sensing & computing (Internet-of-Things: IoT) – targeting reduced leakage & variability.
Discuss Challenges, Roadblocks and Potential solutions
1.Logic technologies
It is high-performance logic and low-power logic which is typically for mobile applications are included and detailed technology requirements and potential solutions are considered for both types separately.
2.Memory technologies
-DRAM
The main goal is to continue to scale the f oot-print of the 1T-1C cell, to the practical limit of 4F 2. The issues are vertical transistor structures, high-dielectrics to improve the capacitance density, and meanwhile keeping the leakage low.
-Non-volatile memories: NVM
The current mainstream NVM is Flash memory. NAND and NOR flash memories are used for quite different applications – data storage for NAND and code storage for NOR flash. There are serious issues with scaling for both NOR and NAND flash memories.
3.Interconnect technologies
It is to address the wiring system that dist rebuts clock and other signals to the various functional blocks of a CMOS integrated circuit, along with providing necessary power and ground connection.
It also assesses reliability and performance includes specifications for electro migration and calculations of delay.
4.Process integration
-Front-end processes
- Lithography
- Metrology
- Yiel
- Reliability
BEYOND CMOS :
Continued dimensional and functional scaling of CMOS is driving information processing technology into a broadening spectrum of new applications.
Dimensional scaling of CMOS eventually will approach fundamental limits, several new alternative information processing devices and micro architectures for existing.
Functions are being explored to extend the historical integrated circuit scaling cadence and sustain performance gain beyond CMOS scaling.
MORE THAN MOORE:
The possibility to extend the functionality of CMOS circuits by integration with other technologies has been referred to as more than Moore.
Extraordinary market success in the last few years is provided by CMOS imagers which can be found in any cell phone camera.
There Si photo-detectors or phototransistors constitute the optical sensors, which are monolithically integrated on a CMOS chip.
Another multifunctional combination within Si technology is provided by the integration of micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) devices with CMOS.
BEYOND MOORE:
Terminology and Context-
There is an international effort underway to identify an alternative to the CMOS transistor, which within one-to-two decades will no longer submit to feature size and voltage scaling.
Lsw: the smallest device (switch) feature, e.g., gate length inCMOS;
Tsw: device switching time, i.e., time required tochange state;
Esw: The energy required to change the device state (switching energy)
Ncar: The number of information carriers required to transmit state to downstream devices;
M: The device count, a measure of system complexity;
β: Binary information throughput, a measure of technological capability;
Mu: Instructions per second, a measure of information processor capability
IBM Unveils World's First 2 Nanometer Chip Technology
USES:
1.In Computing: As transistors in integrated circuits become more effecients,computer become smaller and faster.
2.In Electronic: Practically every facet of high tech society benifts form moores law such as smartphone and computer tablet would not work without tiny processor.
3.In All Sector: Moreover smaller and faster computers inprove transportation ,helthcare, Education and energy production.
4.Current technology become cheap.
CONCLUSION:
The progress of Moore's law has made significant contribution to economic and human advancement.
There has been a rapid growth in technology progress because of the predictable business model based on the continued progress of Moore's law.